An immature or dysfunctional Eustachian Tube is one of the most prominent causes of Otitis Media with effusion (OME), a collection of non-infected fluid in the middle ear. There are also, several other abnormalities related to Eustachian Tube dysfunction including local mucosal changes, obstruction and palatal myclonus.
The Eustachian Tube comprises of small passageways that connect the middle ear to the pharynx. Eustachian Tube ventilates the middle ear and ensures that the air pressure inside the middle ear matches the general environmental air pressure.Also, it drains the infections, accumulated secretions, and debris from the middle ear into the pharynx.
Generally, the tube opens only while a person sneezes, yawns, or swallows. The nasal opening of the tube remains closed otherwise, preventing the contamination of middle ear.
A Patulous Eustachian tube, i.e. a dysfunctional Eustachian tube which is always open is a rare disorder plaguing the patients with chronic ear infections. In such cases, the dysfunctional Eustachian tube also fails to regulate air pressure causing clicking and popping sensations along with moderate to severe pain.
As the dysfunction worsens, the sounds are perceived as muffled by the ear. Subsequently, a vacuum develops causing the fluid to be drawn into the middle ear, leading to Otitis Media.
Dysfunctional Eustachian Tube also causes pathological changes in the middle ear leading to hearing loss and chronic retraction of tympanic membrane.
These symptoms get worse as and when your altitude increases. For e.g. driving through the mountains, elevators, airplane rides, etc.
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